Where M is the number of available data samples for a given time interval. Assuming the probability density function (p.d.f.) of the significant wave height H s in the ice-free waters is approximated by a Weibull distribution, \(P(\) is itself a stochastic variable, whose expectation or mean can be expressed as Given the expected increase of ship traffic in the Arctic Ocean, estimation of the largest waves in ice-free water is a crucial issue yet to be addressed. In the presence of high waves and low temperatures, sea-spray icing may also become a serious problem. While these vessels must comply with the ice-class rules, they also need to take into consideration the increasing height of the ocean waves in the Arctic Ocean. Over 200 vessels have used the Northern Sea Route (NSR) since 2011. During the R/V Sikuliaq cruise in 2015, a wave buoy measured waves reaching 5 m in the Beaufort sea 8. 7 reported a significant wave height of almost 5 m in the Barents Sea based on the analysis of the ship motion. In the last decades, the waves in the Arctic Ocean have gradually increased as substantiated by numerous studies based on satellite observations and reanalysis 4, 5, 6. As the entire Arctic Ocean is expected to be ice-free by 2050, the wave height is projected to correspondingly increase 3. In latitudes north of 70°N, the mean significant wave height during summer exceeds 3 m in some areas 2. This next issue will be at 21 December 2021, at 11.00 a.m.The area of ice-covered sea in the Arctic Ocean during the boreal summer has reduced by a few million square kilometres in previous decades 1, resulting in the emergence of ice-free waters on which the wind can generate waves. The advisory is in effect on 21 December 2021, at 5.00 a.m. Please stay tuned for the weather update. With its maximum sustained wind about 50 km/hr, the storm is moving east-northeast with the speed of 20 km/hr., expected, this storm will downgrade to low pressure cell and dissipate. on 21 December, Tropical depression “RAI” over the upper South China Sea was centered at latitude 20.0 degree north, longitude 120.0 degree east.
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